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Dry needling is a treatment technique that uses thin, solid needles (similar to acupuncture needles) to treat muscle pain and improve movement. The term "dry" means that no medication is injected—the needle itself provides the therapeutic effect.
During treatment, your healthcare provider inserts these needles into specific areas of tight, painful muscle tissue called myofascial trigger points. These trigger points are often described as "knots" in your muscles that can cause pain both at the site and in other areas of your body.
Dry needling works through several mechanisms to reduce your pain and improve function:
Releases muscle tension: The needle helps break up tight muscle bands and trigger points
Reduces inflammation: Treatment decreases inflammatory chemicals in the painful area
Activates natural pain relief: Stimulates your body's own pain-relieving systems
Improves blood flow: Enhances circulation to promote healing in the treated area
Research supports dry needling for various musculoskeletal conditions across all body regions:
Chronic low back pain
Neck pain
Shoulder pain
Headaches (including tension-type and cervicogenic headaches)
Muscle strains and sports injuries
Myofascial pain syndrome
Clinical studies have demonstrated that dry needling can provide:
Pain Relief: Significant reduction in pain intensity within 72 hours of treatment, with effects lasting from weeks to months
Improved Function: Better ability to perform daily activities and reduced disability related to your condition
Enhanced Recovery: When combined with other physical therapy treatments like exercise and stretching, dry needling can accelerate your recovery
Long-lasting Effects: Benefits can persist for 3-6 months after treatment
Treatment sessions typically last 15-60 minutes
You may feel a brief pinch when the needle is inserted
A muscle twitch response is normal and indicates the trigger point has been reached
Most treatment plans involve 1-2 sessions per week for several weeks
Immediately After: You may experience mild soreness at the needle sites, similar to post-exercise muscle soreness. This typically resolves within 24-48 hours.
Managing Discomfort: Over-the-counter pain relievers and ice or heat application can help manage any temporary soreness.
Activity: You can usually resume normal activities the same day, though your provider may recommend specific exercises or stretches to maximize benefits.
When performed by properly trained healthcare professionals, dry needling is a safe and effective treatment.
Your provider has received specialized training in anatomy and needling techniques to ensure your safety.
Possible side effects are generally minor and may include:
Temporary soreness at needle sites
Minor bruising
Mild fatigue
Serious complications are rare when treatment is performed by qualified practitioners.
While both use similar needles, dry needling focuses specifically on treating muscular trigger points and is based on Western medicine principles of anatomy and physiology. Acupuncture is based on traditional Chinese medicine concepts of energy flow and meridians.
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